Home/ Stainless Steels / X2CrNiN23-4 (Duplex 2304)

X2CrNiN23-4 (Duplex 2304)

Duplex 2304 — lean duplex without Mo. Lower cost than 2205 with better strength than 304. PRE=24. For bridges, coastal structures, water treatment and food equipment.

Stainless Steels Lean Duplex Stainless Steel ENX2CrNiN23-4 / 1.4362 UNSS32304 ASTMA240 UNS S32304 BS EN1.4362 +3
Download PDF Stainless Steels
Description

X2CrNiN23-4 (EN 1.4362 / UNS S32304) per EN 10088. Lean duplex (no Mo) with N addition. Rp0.2 >=400 MPa — 2x higher than 304. PRE=24 — between 316L and 304. Lower cost than 2205 or 316L for many structural applications. Standard for structural bridges, coastal architecture, water treatment and food processing equipment where 304 corrodes but 2205 is over-specified.

Key Properties — Solution Annealed
Rm (Tensile Strength)
600
MPa
Re / Rp0.2 (Yield)
400
MPa
A₅ (Elongation)
≥ 20.0
%
Hardness
— – 290
HB
E (Young's Modulus)
200
GPa
Density
7.82
g/cm³
Main Designations (7)
Standard BodyDesignationCountry / RegionNote
EN X2CrNiN23-4 / 1.4362 EU
UNS S32304 USA (UNS)
ASTM A240 UNS S32304 USA
BS EN 1.4362 UK
JIS SUS329J3L (nearest) Japan
SS 2377 Sweden
JUS Lean duplex nearest Yugoslavia Lean duplex Cr-Ni-N; no direct JUS designation
Standards (7)
#Standard BodyDesignationCountry / RegionNote
1 EN X2CrNiN23-4 / 1.4362 EU —
2 UNS S32304 USA (UNS) —
3 ASTM A240 UNS S32304 USA —
4 BS EN 1.4362 UK —
5 JIS SUS329J3L (nearest) Japan —
6 SS 2377 Sweden —
7 JUS Lean duplex nearest Yugoslavia Lean duplex Cr-Ni-N; no direct JUS designation
All values in wt.%
C
Carbon
≤ 0.0300
Si
Silicon
≤ 1.0000
Mn
Manganese
≤ 2.5000
Cr
Chromium
21.5000 – 24.5000
Ni
Nickel
3.0000 – 5.5000
N
Nitrogen
0.0500 – 0.2000
ElementSymbolMin %Max %Typical %
Carbon C — 0.0300 0.0150
Silicon Si — 1.0000 0.5000
Manganese Mn — 2.5000 1.5000
Chromium Cr 21.5000 24.5000 23.0000
Nickel Ni 3.0000 5.5000 4.5000
Nitrogen N 0.0500 0.2000 0.1000
Mechanical Properties
ConditionCode Rm min
MPa		Rm max
MPa		 Re min
MPa		Re max
MPa		 A₅ min
%		 Z
%		 KV
J		 HB minHB max HRC minHRC max E
GPa
Solution Annealed +AT 600 — 400 — 20.0 — — — 290 — — 200.0
Physical Properties
Density
7.820
g/cm³
Melting Point
1350–1420
°C
Young's Modulus
200.0
GPa
Poisson's Ratio
0.305
—
Thermal Conductivity
17.0
W/m·K
Thermal Expansion
13.50
×10⁻⁶ /K
Specific Heat
480
J/kg·K
Electrical Resistivity
0.8000
µΩ·m
Magnetic
Yes
 
Heat Treatment
Solution Annealing
Temperature:950°C – 1100°C
Medium:Water quench
Duration:Sufficient
Cooling:Rapid quench
Hardness After:HB 290 max
Low Mo means less risk of sigma phase than 2205.
Machinability
Machinability Rating
relative to AISI B1112 = 100%
45.0%
Difficult
Turning Speed (HSS)
20
m/min
Turning Speed (Carbide)
95
m/min
Feed Rate (Turning)
0.120
mm/rev
Drilling Speed (HSS)
12
m/min
Milling Speed (Carbide)
98
m/min
CoolantFlood coolant
Chip FormationShort-medium chips; higher forces than 316L
Tool MaterialCarbide M10/P20 TiAlN
Surface FinishRa 0.4-1.6 um
Easier than 2205. Similar to 316L machining but 20% higher cutting forces.
Applications
Civil Engineering
Pedestrian bridges, footbridges, coastal handrails and facade cladding.
Water Treatment
Water treatment plant equipment, pipework and storage tanks.
Food Industry
Food processing vessels, conveyor frames and hygienic equipment.
Technical Notes
✅
2304 vs 2205
2304: no Mo, PRE=24, lower cost, easier to weld. 2205: 3% Mo, PRE=35, better chloride resistance. For fresh/brackish water and non-aggressive environments: 2304 is cost-effective. For seawater or >200 ppm Cl-: use 2205.
🔥
Weldability
Very good. Use 2209 filler. Interpass max 150 C. PWHT not required. Easiest duplex to weld.