X6CrNiTi18-10 (321)

Ti-stabilised austenitic stainless. Immune to sensitisation at 425-900 C service temperatures. Standard for exhaust systems and high-temperature piping.

Stainless Steels Austenitic Stainless Steel ENX6CrNiTi18-10 DIN1.4541 AISI/SAE321 ASTMA240 / A276 Type 321 +12
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Description

X6CrNiTi18-10 (EN 1.4541 / AISI 321) per EN 10088. Ti addition (min 5×C%, max 0.70%) stabilises the steel against sensitisation by combining with carbon to form TiC. Standard for exhaust manifolds, catalytic converter housings and high-temperature chemical equipment.

Key Properties — Solution Annealed
Rm (Tensile Strength)
515 – 710
MPa
Re / Rp0.2 (Yield)
205 – 315
MPa
A₅ (Elongation)
≥ 40.0
%
Hardness
— – 217
HB
E (Young's Modulus)
193
GPa
Density
7.93
g/cm³
Main Designations (16)
Standard BodyDesignationCountry / RegionNote
EN X6CrNiTi18-10 European Union
DIN 1.4541 Germany
AISI/SAE 321 USA
ASTM A240 / A276 Type 321 USA
BS EN 321S31 UK
JIS SUS321 Japan
GOST 08X18H10T (08Kh18N10T) Russia / CIS
UNI X6CrNiTi18-10 Italy
NF Z6CNT18-10 France
SS 2337 Sweden
PN 0H18N10T Poland
CSN 17246 Czech Republic
UNS S32100 USA (UNS)
GB 06Cr18Ni11Ti China
JUS C.4580Ti Yugoslavia / Serbia Ti-stabilised austenitic stainless steel
ISO X6CrNiTi18-10 International
Standards (16)
#Standard BodyDesignationCountry / RegionNote
1 EN X6CrNiTi18-10 European Union
2 DIN 1.4541 Germany
3 AISI/SAE 321 USA
4 ASTM A240 / A276 Type 321 USA
5 BS EN 321S31 UK
6 JIS SUS321 Japan
7 GOST 08X18H10T (08Kh18N10T) Russia / CIS
8 UNI X6CrNiTi18-10 Italy
9 NF Z6CNT18-10 France
10 SS 2337 Sweden
11 PN 0H18N10T Poland
12 CSN 17246 Czech Republic
13 UNS S32100 USA (UNS)
14 GB 06Cr18Ni11Ti China
15 JUS C.4580Ti Yugoslavia / Serbia Ti-stabilised austenitic stainless steel
16 ISO X6CrNiTi18-10 International
All values in wt.%
C
Carbon
≤ 0.0800
Si
Silicon
≤ 1.0000
Mn
Manganese
≤ 2.0000
Cr
Chromium
17.0000 – 19.0000
Ni
Nickel
9.0000 – 12.0000
Ti
Titanium
0.2500 – 0.7000
N
Nitrogen
≤ 0.1100
ElementSymbolMin %Max %Typical %
Carbon C 0.0800 0.0500
Silicon Si 1.0000 0.5000
Manganese Mn 2.0000 1.2000
Chromium Cr 17.0000 19.0000 17.5000
Nickel Ni 9.0000 12.0000 10.5000
Titanium Ti 0.2500 0.7000 0.4000
Nitrogen N 0.1100 0.0500
Mechanical Properties
ConditionCode Rm min
MPa
Rm max
MPa
Re min
MPa
Re max
MPa
A₅ min
%
Z
%
KV
J
HB minHB max HRC minHRC max E
GPa
Solution Annealed +AT 515 710 205 315 40.0 217 193.0
Physical Properties
Density
7.930
g/cm³
Melting Point
1398–1450
°C
Young's Modulus
193.0
GPa
Poisson's Ratio
0.290
Thermal Conductivity
16.1
W/m·K
Thermal Expansion
17.20
×10⁻⁶ /K
Specific Heat
502
J/kg·K
Electrical Resistivity
0.7200
µΩ·m
Magnetic
No
 
Heat Treatment
Solution Annealing
Temperature:1020°C – 1120°C
Medium:Water quench
Duration:Sufficient
Cooling:Rapid quench
Hardness After:<=HB 217
Restores corrosion resistance. Ti-carbides are stable through this range.
Stabilising Anneal
Temperature:900°C – 950°C
Medium:Air or water
Duration:2-4 h
Cooling:Air or water cool
Hardness After:Unchanged
For re-precipitating TiC if solution annealed above 1100 C.
Machinability
Machinability Rating
relative to AISI B1112 = 100%
45.0%
Difficult
Turning Speed (HSS)
18
m/min
Turning Speed (Carbide)
92
m/min
Feed Rate (Turning)
0.120
mm/rev
Drilling Speed (HSS)
10
m/min
Milling Speed (Carbide)
96
m/min
CoolantHigh-pressure flood coolant — mandatory
Chip FormationLong stringy chips; work-hardening severe
Tool MaterialTiAlN coated carbide; sharp positive rake
Surface FinishRa 0.4-1.6 um
Similar to 304. Ti-carbide inclusions slightly more abrasive.
Applications
Automotive
Exhaust manifolds, catalytic converter bodies, flex pipes and hot end exhaust components.
Chemical Process
High-temperature piping (425-850 C service) where sensitisation must be avoided.
Aerospace
Firewalls, exhaust shrouds, after-burner components and jet engine housings.
Technical Notes
321 vs 316L at High Temp
For service between 425-900 C: 321 is correct (Ti stabilisation). For ambient service where post-weld anneal is possible: 316L preferred.
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Sensitisation Immunity
321 designed for use WITHOUT post-weld heat treatment in service at 425-900 C.
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Weldability
Good. Use 347 or 321L filler (Nb-stabilised 347 filler preferred). No pre-heat required.