X2CrNiMo17-12-2 (AISI 316L)

Description

X2CrNiMo17-12-2 (EN 1.4404 / AISI 316L) combines Mo-enhanced corrosion resistance (PRE approx 25) with C<=0.030%, eliminating sensitisation in welded structures. Most versatile austenitic stainless grade for welded chemical, marine, medical and food applications.

Key Properties — Solution Annealed

Rm (Tensile Strength)

485 – 690

MPa

Re / Rp0.2 (Yield)

170 – 310

MPa

A₅ (Elongation)

≥ 40.0

Hardness

— – 217

E (Young's Modulus)

193

GPa

Density

7.98

g/cm³

Main Designations (16)

Standard Body	Designation	Country / Region	Note
EN	X2CrNiMo17-12-2	European Union
DIN	1.4404	Germany
AISI/SAE	316L	USA
ASTM	A240 Type 316L	USA
BS EN	316S11	UK
JIS	SUS316L	Japan
GOST	03X17H14M2	Russia / CIS
UNI	X2CrNiMo17-12-2	Italy
NF	Z2CND17-12-02	France
SS	2348	Sweden
PN	00H17N14M2	Poland
CSN	17349	Czech Republic
UNS	S31603	USA (UNS)
GB	022Cr17Ni12Mo2	China
JUS	C.4584L	Yugoslavia / Serbia	Low-carbon Mo-bearing austenitic stainless
ISO	X2CrNiMo17-12-2	International

Standards (16)

#	Standard Body	Designation	Country / Region	Note
1	EN	X2CrNiMo17-12-2	European Union	—
2	DIN	1.4404	Germany	—
3	AISI/SAE	316L	USA	—
4	ASTM	A240 Type 316L	USA	—
5	BS EN	316S11	UK	—
6	JIS	SUS316L	Japan	—
7	GOST	03X17H14M2	Russia / CIS	—
8	UNI	X2CrNiMo17-12-2	Italy	—
9	NF	Z2CND17-12-02	France	—
10	SS	2348	Sweden	—
11	PN	00H17N14M2	Poland	—
12	CSN	17349	Czech Republic	—
13	UNS	S31603	USA (UNS)	—
14	GB	022Cr17Ni12Mo2	China	—
15	JUS	C.4584L	Yugoslavia / Serbia	Low-carbon Mo-bearing austenitic stainless
16	ISO	X2CrNiMo17-12-2	International	—

All values in wt.%

Carbon

≤ 0.0300

Silicon

≤ 1.0000

Manganese

≤ 2.0000

Chromium

16.5000 – 18.5000

Nickel

10.0000 – 13.0000

Molybdenum

2.0000 – 2.5000

Nitrogen

≤ 0.1100

Element	Symbol	Min %	Max %	Typical %
Carbon	C	—	0.0300	0.0180
Silicon	Si	—	1.0000	0.5000
Manganese	Mn	—	2.0000	1.2000
Chromium	Cr	16.5000	18.5000	17.2000
Nickel	Ni	10.0000	13.0000	11.5000
Molybdenum	Mo	2.0000	2.5000	2.2000
Nitrogen	N	—	0.1100	0.0500

Mechanical Properties

Condition	Code	Rm min MPa	Rm max MPa	Re min MPa	Re max MPa	A₅ min %	Z %	KV J	HB min	HB max	HRC min	HRC max	E GPa
Solution Annealed	+AT	485	690	170	310	40.0	—	—	—	217	—	22.0	193.0

Physical Properties

Density

7.980

g/cm³

Melting Point

1370–1400

°C

Young's Modulus

193.0

GPa

Poisson's Ratio

0.290

—

Thermal Conductivity

16.3

W/m·K

Thermal Expansion

16.50

×10⁻⁶ /K

Specific Heat

500

J/kg·K

Electrical Resistivity

0.7500

µΩ·m

Magnetic

Heat Treatment

Solution Annealing

Temperature:1010°C – 1120°C

Medium:Water quench

Duration:Sufficient

Cooling:Rapid quench

Hardness After:<=HB 217

Standard delivery condition.

Machinability

Machinability Rating

relative to AISI B1112 = 100%

42.0%

Difficult

Turning Speed (HSS)

m/min

Turning Speed (Carbide)

m/min

Feed Rate (Turning)

0.110

mm/rev

Drilling Speed (HSS)

m/min

Milling Speed (Carbide)

m/min

Coolant	High-pressure flood coolant — mandatory
Chip Formation	Stringy chips; work-hardening
Tool Material	TiAlN carbide; sharp positive rake
Surface Finish	Ra 0.4-1.6 um

Same as 316. L grade filler on weld repair.

Applications

Chemical Process

All welded vessel and piping fabrications handling chlorides, acids and solvents.

Marine Engineering

Seawater heat exchangers, desalination equipment and pipe bridges.

Medical

Implantable orthopaedic devices (ISO 5832-1) and surgical instruments.

Food & Dairy

Welded hygienic pipework, tanks and CIP/SIP systems.

Technical Notes

✅

Industry Standard

316L is the industry standard for chemical process equipment. Specify by UNS S31603 for clarity.

💧

Crevice Corrosion

Still susceptible in hot concentrated chloride (>1000 ppm, >60 C). Use 2205 duplex or titanium.

🔥

Weldability

Excellent. Use 316L-Si filler. No pre-heat. Low heat input preferred.